Astro - Open Source UAV Platform

Abstract

Astro is an open-source compact autonomous exploration drone weighing only 880g. Through a deeply optimized modular architecture and extreme weight reduction techniques, it integrates high-performance autonomous flight capabilities into a palm-sized form factor. This document details its system architecture, core technical features, and engineering design.

1. System Weight Analysis

Total weight of 880g, utilizing a four-module assembly design for highly integrated space utilization and flexible functional expansion.

Module	Weight	Share	Description
🔋 Battery Assembly	430g	48.9%	Custom 6S 18650 battery pack, high-efficiency long endurance
🧠 Compute Assembly	170g	19.3%	Deeply customized miniature Orin NX computing platform
👁️ Sensor Assembly	140g	15.9%	Hot-swappable variable module, multi-scenario adaptable
⚙️ Power Base	140g	15.9%	Carbon fiber plate + flight controller + motor system
Total	880g	100%	-

Exploded View — Fig. 1: Four-module assembly architecture diagram

2. Extreme Weight Reduction

Through deep electromechanical optimization of core components, an uncompromising lightweight design is achieved without sacrificing performance.

2.1 LiDAR Weight Reduction

The standard Livox Mid360 undergoes deep modification — removing redundant enclosures and interfaces for significant weight savings. The optimized module drastically reduces gimbal payload and improves overall dynamic response.

188g Weight After Modification

Mid360 Modification — Fig. 2: Modified Mid360 module

2.2 Compute Miniaturization

The bulky stock carrier is replaced by a compact custom Orin NX motherboard, paired with a lightweight high-pressure cooling fan to sustain peak compute under load.

Miniature custom motherboard design
Efficient active cooling system
Dual-antenna robust communication
Sustained stable compute output

Orin NX Compute Assembly — Fig. 3: Orin NX compute assembly

3. Precision Assembly

A three-stage progressive build, from base airframe to a fully integrated high-performance system.

01

Base Module Integration

Lightweight hollow frame + quad-rotor motors + spherical camera

02

Performance Module Expansion

Heatsink + active fan cooling + dual-antenna wireless communication

03

Precision Connection Details

Modular cable routing for efficient power and data transmission

4. Variable Sensor Modules

The 140 g sensor assembly hot-swaps in seconds, adapting the perception stack to mission-specific requirements.

Dual-Camera Assembly — Fig. 4: Mode 1 - Wide-Field Exploration

Mode 1: Wide-Field Exploration

Configuration: Lightened Mid360 + dual fisheye lenses

Features: Integrated USB virtual-NIC output; suited to large-scale perception and mapping.

Single-Camera Assembly — Fig. 5: Mode 2 - High-Resolution Inspection

Mode 2: High-Resolution Inspection

Configuration: Lightened Mid360 + wide-angle camera

Features: High-resolution image capture for close inspection and fine-feature recognition.

5. Patent-Grade Architecture

A purpose-built mechanical layout delivers stability and reliability within a minimal envelope.

Core Power Assembly — Fig. 6: Core power assembly

Flight Controller Base — Fig. 7: Flight controller & motor base

🏗️ Highly Integrated Layout

Flight drive mechanisms and enclosure are mounted on opposite sides of a rectangular plate, drastically reducing overall dimensions.

⚡ Vertical Power Hub

The power distribution board adopts a top-to-bottom vertical layout, saving space while providing efficient power distribution.

🔭 Optimal Detection Angle

LiDAR and camera are integrated on a tilted mounting plate, significantly expanding the detection field of view.